Explain the process of steam distillation.

(N/A) Steam distillation is a technique used to separate substances that are steam volatile and immiscible with water.
Procedure:
$(i)$ The substance to be purified is taken in a round-bottom flask.
$(ii)$ Steam from a steam generator is passed through the heated flask containing the liquid.
$(iii)$ The mixture of steam and the volatile organic compound is condensed using a condenser and collected in a receiver.
$(iv)$ The organic compound is then separated from the water using a separating funnel.
Theoretical Principle:
During steam distillation,the total vapour pressure $p$ is equal to the sum of the vapour pressures of the individual components:
$p = p_{1} + p_{2}$
Where:
$p_{1} =$ vapour pressure of the organic liquid
$p_{2} =$ vapour pressure of water
Since $p$ becomes equal to atmospheric pressure at a temperature lower than the boiling point of either component,the substance distills at a lower temperature.